Can Supplements Help with Erectile Dysfunction?

Erectile dysfunction, or difficulty achieving and maintaining an erection, is a common problem that affects many men. With demand growing, dietary supplement manufacturers are actively marketing their products, claiming that they can help solve this delicate problem. However, how true are these claims?

Key Aspects to Consider When Choosing Dietary Supplements for Potency

• Research and Scientific Evidence. The main problem is that most studies on the components of dietary supplements for improving potency were conducted on animals, not on humans. This significantly reduces the reliability of the conclusions about their effectiveness. To date, there is no convincing evidence confirming that these supplements actually help cope with erectile dysfunction in humans. It is important to remember that the lack of a scientific basis casts doubt on the effectiveness and safety of these products.
• Composition and interaction of components. Many dietary supplements for increasing potency contain several active substances at once. This causes additional concern, since there is still insufficient research into how these ingredients interact with each other. It is unknown how their combined effect may affect the body. Moreover, potential interactions with other medications that you are taking can also lead to unpredictable consequences.
• Lack of strict quality control. Unlike drugs, dietary supplements are not subject to the same strict control by regulatory authorities. This means that the information about the composition and dosage indicated on the label may not correspond to reality. As a result, you may receive a product with the wrong dosage or a composition that is not at all what is stated. This is especially dangerous, since it leads to unjustified expectations and potential health risks.
• Hidden ingredients. Manufacturers of dietary supplements for potency sometimes add active components from drugs to their products, such as PDE-5 inhibitors. These substances can indeed improve erection, but they have their own contraindications and side effects. It is important to understand that the exact dosage of these active ingredients may remain unknown, which makes the use of such dietary supplements especially risky. This may lead to unforeseen consequences, including serious health problems.
• Health risks. Due to the lack of transparency in production and proper quality control, some dietary supplements may pose a real threat to health. Their uncontrolled use may cause serious side effects, including life-threatening conditions. It is important to realize that choosing such supplements without consulting a doctor may lead to undesirable consequences.

Conclusion and recommendations. If you are considering using any supplements to improve potency, it is strongly recommended that you first consult a doctor. This will reduce possible risks, get qualified advice and choose the safest and most effective way to solve your problem. Remember that your health is the most important value, and it should be trusted only to proven methods and means.

Panax Ginseng

Panax Ginseng and Its Possible Effects on Erectile Dysfunction

Panax ginseng, particularly its Asian varieties, has long attracted attention for its purported properties in improving erectile function. The main active compounds found in ginseng are called ginsenosides. These substances are thought to help dilate blood vessels and relax the smooth muscles of the corpora cavernosa of the penis, which in turn makes it easier to achieve and maintain an erection.

Scientific Evidence and Research

Studies on the effects of ginseng on erectile dysfunction have yielded mixed results, partly due to the natural variability of the plant. Ginseng is known to grow in a variety of climates, and its chemical composition can vary significantly depending on the region where it is grown, when it is harvested, the method of processing, and even the plant variety. Some types of ginseng may contain more active compounds than others, making it difficult to standardize and evaluate its effectiveness.

For example, a high-quality review of studies published in 2021, including data from 9 clinical trials involving 587 men, found that ginseng had only a minimal effect on erectile dysfunction. The effect was so small that it was not clinically significant, making its effectiveness questionable. However, there are studies in which ginseng has shown more promising results when taken over a long period of time (e.g. 2-3 months), indicating the need for further, larger, standardized studies to obtain more accurate data.

Side Effects and Risks

Medical experts warn against using ginseng as a primary treatment for erectile dysfunction due to potential side effects. In the short term, ginseng is considered relatively safe, but it can cause unpleasant symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Problems begin to appear when ginseng is consumed in high doses (about 3 grams per day) or with long-term use. This can lead to what is known as “ginseng abuse syndrome,” which includes symptoms such as hypertension, nervousness, insomnia, and skin rashes. In more severe cases, mental health problems such as confusion and depression, as well as heart and liver problems, may occur.

Special attention should be paid to the fact that ginseng can negatively interact with medications, especially those used to treat cardiovascular diseases. In 2016, the American Heart Association included ginseng in the list of substances that can worsen the condition of patients with heart failure. This is due to the fact that ginseng can enhance or weaken the effects of certain drugs, which makes its use in such cases extremely risky.

Maral antlers

The effectiveness of maral antlers and scientific data

Maral antlers, which are young deer antlers, have long been used in traditional medicine as a means of allegedly increasing potency. These supplements, popular in some cultures, especially in Russia and Asia, attract attention due to their supposed properties to stimulate testosterone production and improve sexual function.

However, scientific data confirming the effectiveness of maral antlers in the fight against erectile dysfunction is virtually nonexistent. One of the few studies conducted in 2003 found that men taking maral antler supplements showed no significant improvement over those taking a placebo. Furthermore, testosterone levels in the participants taking the supplements also did not increase, casting doubt on any claims that the antlers can improve male performance.

Side Effects and Risks

While most maral antler supplements do not cause any noticeable side effects, there are a number of reported cases that raise serious concerns. For example, there was a case of liver toxicity associated with the supplements. Furthermore, there was a case of a 61-year-old man developing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a rare and fatal prion disease that causes rapidly progressive dementia and mental disorders. Doctors suggested that the antler supplement could be the cause, as deer suffer from a prion disease known as “chronic wasting disease” or “zombie deer disease.” This disease attacks the brain of animals, causing loss of appetite, behavioral problems, and ultimately death.

Given that scientific evidence does not support the effectiveness of antlers, and given the possible serious risks, such supplements cannot be recommended for improving potency.

Epimedium, or Horny Goat Weed

Hornweed and Its Use in Traditional Medicine

Epimedium, also known as Horny Goat Weed, is a plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has long been considered a powerful aphrodisiac and has been used to increase sexual desire, increase testosterone levels, and combat premature ejaculation. Horny goat weed contains over 200 different chemical compounds, with the main focus being on flavonoids, especially icariin, which is considered the key active ingredient and is often used in dietary supplements.

Research and effectiveness

Unfortunately, despite the popularity of horny goat weed in folk medicine, there is little high-quality research to support its effectiveness in humans. Most of the data on the effects of icariin and other horny goat weed compounds have been obtained in experiments on laboratory animals, but it is incorrect to transfer these results to humans due to significant differences in physiology. However, horny goat weed is currently considered a relatively safe supplement, although minor side effects such as nausea, abdominal discomfort, or mild dizziness are possible.

Risks and drug interactions

It is worth noting that high doses of horny goat weed can cause more serious problems, such as arrhythmia and damage to blood vessels. In addition, the supplement can interact with various medications, which can lead to unwanted side effects.

m consequences. For example, horny goat weed can increase or decrease the effects of drugs used to treat hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, as well as some antidepressants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This interaction can lead to unwanted and potentially dangerous side effects, such as blood pressure surges, heart rhythm disturbances, and other complications.

Thus, despite the popularity of horny goat weed in traditional medicine and numerous claims about its effectiveness, the use of this supplement requires caution. Before starting to take horny goat weed, especially in combination with other drugs, it is extremely important to consult a doctor to avoid possible side effects and unwanted interactions.

L-arginine

L-arginine and its effect on potency

L-arginine is an amino acid that plays an important role in the biochemistry of the human body. It is a precursor to nitric oxide, a molecule responsible for the dilation of blood vessels. In the context of improving potency, L-arginine is used in dietary supplements to maintain and improve erectile function. Nitric oxide promotes relaxation and dilation of blood vessels, which is necessary to achieve and maintain an erection. The body obtains L-arginine mainly through protein foods such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products.

Scientific Research and Results

Numerous studies have focused on the effects of L-arginine on erectile dysfunction. A 2019 review of studies found that regular intake of L-arginine may improve symptoms of erectile dysfunction. This review analyzed data from 10 clinical trials that involved men with mild to moderate forms of erectile dysfunction. The results suggest that L-arginine may have some positive effects on improving erectile function, although its effects may not be as significant as those of some medications.

Moreover, another review found that L-arginine may enhance the effects of PDE5 inhibitors such as Viagra. These drugs are used to treat erectile dysfunction and help improve blood flow to the genitals, thereby promoting stronger erections. Since L-arginine may work synergistically with these medications, using it in combination with them may be beneficial for some patients.

Side Effects and Dosage

L-arginine is generally considered safe when taken in recommended doses. However, high doses of more than 9 grams per day may cause side effects. These include nausea, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea. This is because the body may not be able to handle large amounts of the amino acid, leading to digestive upset.

L-arginine should be taken with caution and under the advice of a doctor, especially if you have any underlying medical conditions or are taking other medications. Consulting with a healthcare professional will help determine the optimal dosage and minimize the risk of side effects.

Maca, or Mayen’s Lepidium

Maca and its effects on sexual health

Maca, also known as Mayen’s Lepidium, is a root vegetable that resembles a turnip. In traditional medicine, maca is used to increase sexual desire and improve potency. Maca root contains essential amino acids, iodine, iron, and a number of biologically active substances, including the alkaloid imidazole, which may explain the plant’s supposed effects on sexual health.

Scientific Research and Effectiveness

There is currently not enough convincing scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of maca in improving erections. Despite this, some studies indicate the possibility that maca may help increase sexual desire and relieve sexual dysfunction, especially in cases caused by taking antidepressants. However, these studies are limited in number and quality, and overall there is insufficient evidence to recommend maca as a primary treatment for erectile dysfunction.

Side Effects and Drug Interactions

While maca generally does not cause serious side effects, it may theoretically interact with certain medications. These interactions may alter the effectiveness of the medications, either increasing or decreasing their effectiveness. This highlights the need for caution when using maca supplements, especially if you are taking other medications.

Due to the lack of evidence on the effectiveness of maca and the potential for drug interactions, it is recommended that you consult with your healthcare professional before taking maca supplements.

Why Fruits Can Change How Medicines Work

When a medicine enters the body, it goes through four key stages that determine its effectiveness and safety:

• Absorption is the process by which a medicine that has been introduced into the body (in the case of oral medications, this is the gastrointestinal tract) moves into the bloodstream. How quickly and to what extent the drug is absorbed is important here, as this affects its concentration in the blood.
• Distribution is the stage at which the medicine moves from the blood to the various tissues and organs where it must perform its function. The effectiveness of distribution depends on many factors, including the ability of the substance to penetrate cell membranes and interact with receptors in the target organs.
• Metabolism is the process of chemical changes that a medicine goes through in the body. Most of the metabolism occurs in the liver, where active compounds can be converted into more active or less active forms, as well as into waste products ready for elimination from the body.
• Elimination is the final phase in which the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body, usually via the kidneys or liver. The efficiency of this process is critical to prevent toxic levels of the drug from building up in the body.

Fruits and other foods containing bioactive compounds can affect any of these phases. If a fruit or food alters one of these phases, it can make the drug less effective or cause unwanted effects such as toxicity.

How the Fruit-Drug Interactions Were Discovered

Interest in fruit-drug interactions began in the late 1990s, when researchers were studying the effects of alcohol on the antihypertensive drug felodipine. In one experiment, grapefruit juice was used to mask the taste of the alcohol. The scientists found that the combination of felodipine, alcohol, and grapefruit juice significantly enhanced the blood pressure-lowering effect, more than expected. This suggested that it was the grapefruit, not the alcohol, that had the strongest effect on the drug. Confirmed studies have confirmed that grapefruit does indeed alter the action of drugs.

Since then, many laboratory and animal studies have been conducted that have shown how bioactive substances in fruits can interact with drugs. However, not all of this data has been confirmed in clinical trials.

Reasons for discrepancies between laboratory and clinical data

The discrepancies between laboratory and clinical data can be explained by several factors. First, the active compound may affect drug metabolism only at concentrations that are not achievable with normal fruit consumption. Second, the concentration of active substances in fruits can vary depending on the variety, growing conditions, and other factors such as climate. This means that laboratory experiments do not always accurately reflect the real effect of fruits on drugs.

Which fruits affect the action of drugs?

Some fruits contain bioactive substances that can alter the action of drugs. However, for most fruits, this effect is not of significant clinical significance. This means that although laboratory studies may show possible fruit-drug interactions, in real-world settings this effect may not be evident.

However, fruit juices can directly affect the effectiveness of medications when taken with them. For example, acidic juices such as orange or lemon juice can reduce the effectiveness of some antibiotics, including penicillin. Cranberry juice, when taken with blood thinners, can increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore, for most medications, it is recommended to take them with water only. The exception is iron supplements, which are better absorbed with vitamin C. In this case, freshly squeezed orange juice may be useful.

How Much Fruit Affects Medicines?

Different fruits and their juices have different effects on medications. Grapefruit has a significant effect even in relatively small amounts – it is enough to eat one medium-sized fruit or drink a glass of juice for the interaction with the drug to be significant. This effect can last up to three days after grapefruit consumption, meaning that grapefruit should be avoided for several days before taking the medication.

The effect of other fruits, such as apples, on the effectiveness of medications is usually less significant. For example, in studies with apple juice, participants drank between 600 and 1200 ml of juice, which is equivalent to 9 to 18 apples. This amount of juice is rarely consumed in a day, and most people do not eat that many apples, so the clinical significance of this effect is considered questionable.

As a result, recommendations for fruit and juice consumption are less stringent than for grapefruit. Moderate consumption of a fruit a few hours after taking medication is usually safe. However, if you have information about the interaction of a specific product with your medication, it is always best to consult a doctor to avoid possible negative consequences.

Consulting a doctor and studying the instructions for the drug

The first step to safely combining fruits with medications is to consult a doctor. Consult a specialist who can give recommendations on the interaction of specific fruits and the drugs you are taking. However, it is worth understanding that even an experienced doctor does not always have complete information about all possible interactions, since new data appears regularly.

Studying the instructions for the drug is also important, but it is worth considering that the instructions may not contain comprehensive information about interactions with fruits. The instructions often only list the most common interactions, and less obvious combinations may be missed. Therefore, it is important not only to read the instructions, but also to look for additional information.

Searching for information on specialized resources

If the information in the leaflet is insufficient or you have not received the necessary information from your doctor, the next step is to search for information on specialized medical resources. Many medical websites and databases provide up-to-date information on drug-food interactions, including fruits. These resources can help you get a better idea of ​​how your favorite fruit may affect the action of the medication you are taking.

What you need to know about fruit-drug interactions

Grapefruit requires special attention

Grapefruit is especially important in the context of drug interactions. Its juice is known for its ability to increase the toxicity of many drugs, which can lead to serious side effects. This is due to the fact that grapefruit contains substances that affect the enzymes in the liver responsible for drug metabolism. Therefore, if you take medications on a regular basis, it is recommended to completely exclude grapefruit from your diet to avoid potential negative consequences.

General recommendations for fruit and drug interactions

Fruits and their juices can interact with a variety of medications, including antibiotics, psychiatric medications, anticoagulants (blood thinners), blood pressure medications, heart medications, cancer medications, autoimmune medications, erectile dysfunction medications, antiepileptic medications, painkillers, statins, and hormones. When taking these medications, it is especially important to be aware of potential interactions with fruits and their juices.

General recommendations for taking medications

In most cases, it is recommended to take medications with water only. Using fruit juices to take medications may reduce their effectiveness or cause adverse reactions. It is also worth paying attention to the recommendations for the time of taking the medication: some medications are best taken before meals, while others are best taken during or after meals. This may affect their absorption and effectiveness.

Use with other fruits

In the case of other fruits, the effect on the effectiveness of the medication is usually less significant. For example, apple juice or bananas do not have such a pronounced effect on the action of most medications. However, avoid drinking fruit juices with medications and do not overeat fruits.

Check interactions and consult with a doctor

Always check what drugs can and cannot be combined with. If you have doubts or questions about the interaction of a particular fruit with your medication, it is better to consult with a doctor. This will help you avoid potential problems and get safe recommendations on combining food and medications.

Myth: All diseases can be cured with drugs

Drugs designed to treat or alleviate specific diseases and conditions may not solve all health problems or be the only solution to overall well-being.

Increasing the number of medications will not lead to a faster recovery. Excessive dosage or improper use of drugs can cause unwanted side effects and cause health problems.

Some medications are aimed at relieving symptoms but not treating the underlying cause of the disease. It is important to understand the difference between symptomatic treatment and treatment of the cause of the disease in order to see a doctor and receive appropriate treatment.

The effects of medications may vary among individuals depending on their age, gender, physiological characteristics, and other individual factors. Therefore, the use of medications should be done with caution and only as prescribed by a doctor.

Myth: Aspirin cures all diseases

In 1971, British scientist John Vane published research on the effectiveness of acetylsalicylic acid, and since that time, aspirin has become widely used for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Aspirin remains a key drug for maintaining heart health. When using aspirin and nitroglycerin in the first minutes of an attack, it is possible to prevent the development of myocardial infarction and significantly reduce the risk of death.

However, aspirin increases bleeding, which makes its use risky for infectious diseases. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause ulcerative lesions and bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Even small doses of aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding.

Children should not take aspirin for viral infections due to the risk of developing the rare but deadly Reye’s syndrome. To reduce fever and relieve pain, NSAIDs and paracetamol are usually preferred.

Do not forget that medications should only be taken as prescribed by a doctor!

Myth: You can take expired medications

The shelf life of medications is the time during which the drug retains its quality and effectiveness as intended by the manufacturer. This is important to ensure the safety and effectiveness of treatment.

It is often thought that the expiration date is indicated on the packaging in excess so that the drug lasts longer. However, it is not. The shelf life of the drug is indicated taking into account its chemical composition and stability. Using the drug after the expiration date may be hazardous to health, as it may lose its effectiveness and become a source of unexpected adverse reactions.

What happens if you take a medicine that has expired, be it a month or a year? Equally dangerous. The therapeutic effect may not be achieved, and adverse reactions may increase, which can lead to serious health consequences. Therefore, it is important to always monitor the expiration date of medications and not use them after this date has expired.

If the information on the package is illegible and there is no other way to find out the expiration date, it is better to refrain from taking this drug and consult a doctor or pharmacist for advice.

Myth: It doesn’t matter what time you take your medications

The basic rule for taking all medications is the correct frequency of use. Incorrect or incorrect use may reduce the effectiveness of the medicine or even cause unwanted side effects.

If the drug is intended to be taken once a day, it is important to take it at the same time every day, and not at random times during the day. Typically, such drugs are gradually absorbed into the blood, so it is important to maintain regular dosage.

When taking tablets twice a day, it is necessary to maintain an interval of 12 hours (for example, taking them at 8 am and 8 pm). If taking the drug three times a day is recommended, the interval is reduced to 8 hours. Even distribution of tablet intake over time plays a key role, and only minor deviations of 1-2 hours are acceptable.

In addition, if medication is associated with food intake, this should be taken into account. Drugs that are recommended to be taken “before meals” may be poorly absorbed if taken with meals or with gastric juice. If the instructions indicate taking “after meals”, this should also be taken into account. Some components of medications are not recommended to be taken on an empty stomach, as this may adversely affect the gastric mucosa.

Following these simple rules will help speed up the healing process and make the most of your medications. Take care of your health with the correct use of medications!

Myth: Children get sick because of walking

There is currently controversy regarding children’s walks. Many pediatricians insist on their importance, while some sources and parents believe they can cause illness. This discussion is especially relevant during colder periods of the year, when many believe it is safer to stay warm at home or school.

For infants, perhaps the location of the walks is not so important, since for them it is more a way of motion sickness than useful physical activity. However, for older children, walks are of great importance. This is an opportunity to spend time outdoors, which contributes to their physical and psychological development.

It is important to understand that the cause of illness in children is not always associated with walks and temperature changes. ARVI and other infections are transmitted through contact with viruses, and not through being outside. Moreover, in enclosed spaces, especially where there are many people, the risk of infection is much higher.

Therefore, walks in the fresh air are useful and safe for children at any time of the year. The main thing is to provide them with appropriate clothing and footwear to protect them from adverse weather conditions and ensure a comfortable stay in nature.

Myth: Nootropics will help your child learn better

What medications can help improve mental health? This is a question that is often asked to psychiatrists and psychotherapists. Nootropic drugs are one answer to this question. They can be used as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with other psychotropic drugs.

For example, nootropics can be prescribed to treat neuroses, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depressive disorders and other mental illnesses, including schizophrenia.

However, the opinion of pediatric neurologists on this issue is divided. Some believe that there is no evidence base for the use of nootropics to improve the quality of learning, stimulate psycho-speech development and correct behavior in children. They urge caution in this matter.

It is important to remember that although nootropics can help in specific cases, doctors should rely on general medical experience and analyze standardized cases. In addition, if problems arise with a child’s behavior or learning, it is important to turn to an integrated approach, including psychological and pedagogical correction and consultations with a neuropsychologist.

These medicines lack scientific evidence according to international standards. Many of them are widely used in the CIS countries, while homeopathic remedies and dietary supplements are actively sold in the West.

It is important to understand that the lack of scientific evidence does not mean automatic rejection of these drugs. Here are several groups of medications whose effectiveness has not been confirmed:

Homeopathic remedies: Some of them, such as oscillococcinum, traumeel, anaferon, ergoferon, impaza, tenoten, subetta, proproten-100, are widely used, but their effectiveness is questionable.
Immunomodulators and immunostimulants: Drugs such as polyoxidonium, t-activin, thymalin and thymogen are purported to improve immune function, but their actual benefits have not been supported by research.
Antiviral agents: Although ingavirin and amiksin are widely used to treat viral infections, their effectiveness requires further research.
Hepatoprotectors: Drugs such as Essentiale, Carsil, artichoke extract, glycyrrhizin, and pumpkin seed oil are used to protect the liver, but their benefits have not been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials.
Chondroprotectors: Chondroitin, glucosamine and hyaluronic acid are used to support joint health, but the effectiveness of these drugs is a matter of debate.
Nootropics: Piracetam, GABA, hopantenic acid, phenibut, glycine, Cerebrolysin and Cortexin are marketed as cognitive enhancers, but their effectiveness requires confirmation.
Dietary supplements: For many dietary supplements, there is not enough research to confirm their effectiveness and safety.
However, it is recommended that you consult your doctor before taking any medication or dietary supplement.

Myth: Anesthesia shortens life and often leads to death

There is no scientific evidence that anesthesia shortens life expectancy in humans. Animal studies show that general anesthesia does not affect their average lifespan.

Modern anesthetics are becoming more sophisticated and safe.

Equipment for providing and monitoring anesthesia allows you to precisely regulate the level of the drug in the blood and the depth of drug-induced sleep to ensure an optimal state without excess or lack of anesthesia.

Statistically speaking, by the end of the 19th century, when ether became widely used for anesthesia, the mortality rate was 10 cases per 9,000 anesthesia cases. By the 1980s, this rate in developed countries had dropped to 1 in 10,000 anesthesia cases.

If surgery is necessary for quality of life or life-saving reasons, it should not be delayed due to fear of anesthesia. Not having surgery when it is needed increases the risk of death or complications significantly.

Myth: Anesthesia is not recommended for older people or those with chronic diseases

Many people, especially those who are older or have chronic illnesses, have serious concerns about the possibility of not being able to tolerate anesthesia.

However, it is worth noting that the risk of complications and death still remains quite small, even when these factors are taken into account. For many, the statistics can be comforting: only 1 in 60,000 anesthesia causes serious problems.

Anesthesiologists consider the age and general health of patients when planning the procedure. The doctor carefully assesses the physical condition and the risk of anesthesia-operation using special scales that take into account the severity of the condition, the expected extent of the operation and the type of anesthesia. The choice of drugs is made taking into account all these factors.

The doctor will definitely advise postponing the operation if this will help reduce the risks to the patient’s health and life. For example, he or she may recommend weight loss before a planned cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) or additional cardiovascular testing if warning signs are detected, such as severe arrhythmias or uncontrolled hypertension.

Myth: You can do no more than three anesthesia in your life

In fact, there is no set limit to the number of operations that can be performed under anesthesia if they are necessary to save or improve the quality of life.

However, the more operations and the more severe the patient’s condition, the higher the risk of complications. Doctors always carefully assess the risks and benefits: unnecessary operations are not performed unless strictly necessary.

There is no fixed interval between operations: it is determined according to the indications and the patient’s individual recovery rate. There are people who have successfully undergone dozens of operations in their lives.

Myth: During anesthesia, you can wake up and see your surgery

There is a chance, albeit extremely low – according to some sources, only 1 in 20,000 anesthesias – that the patient will wake up during surgery. However, you probably won’t feel the pain and most likely won’t be able to remember it in detail.

Waking up during surgery does not occur as abruptly and completely as when waking up with an alarm clock. The anesthesiologist will be the first to notice, for example, a slight motor reaction or muscle tension in the patient.

If the necessary equipment is available in the clinic, the patient’s awakening can be noticed at an early stage thanks to BIS monitoring, which displays the bispectral index of the electroencephalogram and allows one to determine whether the patient is sleeping.

The anesthesiologist monitors the depth of sleep on the screen and adjusts it. If any abnormalities occur, the anesthesiology team will immediately adjust the medication.

Myth: An injection in the back is even more dangerous than anesthesia – your legs may fail

There are operations in which it is possible to use spinal or epidural anesthesia instead of general anesthesia. These are interventions related to the lower extremities, the groin area and operations in the lower abdomen.

During such operations, the patient may experience tingling in the legs and loss of sensation in the lower extremities – this is a normal and completely reversible process. Within a few hours, movement and sensation in the lower extremities are restored.

After the procedure, some disturbances caused by damage to the nerve fibers are possible, but they occur extremely rarely.

An extensive study was carried out in the UK, involving more than 300 hospitals. Mild nerve damage that did not improve over time occurred in 1 in 15,000 anesthesias, and paralysis in 1 in 250,000 anesthesias.

The risk of this type of anesthesia is so low that it is less dangerous than driving a car.

Myth: After anesthesia, memory will deteriorate

It is still unclear how anesthetics affect the nervous system. It’s related to the fact that assessing memory and attention functions is a difficult task, especially in clinical settings when the patient is under stress.

There is evidence indicating possible cognitive impairment in elderly patients after surgery, which manifests itself in the areas of memory and thinking. However, in order to unambiguously associate such an effect solely with the effect of anesthesia, these data are insufficient.

These indicators are also influenced by the fact of the operation and subsequent recovery, especially if the operation was performed for emergency reasons, leaving no time for preparation, and if the patient’s condition was serious.

In 2022, a study compared the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in patients over 65 years of age who underwent hip surgery using regional and general anesthesia. The results showed no significant differences in the incidence of such complications between the two groups.

Myth: Taking melatonin without a doctor’s prescription is harmful

The long answer to this question depends on many factors, including dosage and individual characteristics of the body. Please note that melatonin may be contraindicated in some people for various reasons, so you should consult your doctor before taking it.

Melatonin belongs to the group of neurohormones, that is, hormones that are produced in the brain. Its main function is to control our biological rhythms, managing the transition between sleep and wakefulness.

The maximum level of melatonin synthesis usually occurs from 23:00 to 03:00, when the concentration of this hormone in the blood reaches about 200 picograms per milliliter. At this time, healthy people sleep the most soundly.

Melatonin-containing medications have been developed by humans to regulate their biological clocks. However, these drugs and medications containing melatonin have not yet been fully studied, and their effect remains relatively low.

The most compelling evidence for melatonin’s effectiveness comes from its use to treat sleep disorders in blind people and those who suffer from difficulty falling asleep and sleep-wake cycle disorders. Some studies also point to possible benefits of melatonin for jet lag.

The effects of taking melatonin without consulting a doctor depend on the amount of this hormone in the supplement or medicine. Research shows that the effects of melatonin vary depending on the dosage and can be either positive or negative for the body.

When taking melatonin in a daily dose of 0.3 to 0.5 mg, the level of this hormone in the blood remains within the natural night peak. As a result of this dosage, the effect of melatonin is comparable to its natural release, which promotes quick and quality sleep. In such quantities, melatonin is not harmful to health.

With a daily dose of 1 to 10 mg, the level of melatonin in the blood increases 3-60 times. Although melatonin itself is not toxic, at such high concentrations it has too strong an effect on the body.

People taking these dosages through supplements or medications may experience severe daytime sleepiness, decreased performance, and a drop in body temperature that may manifest as unpleasant chills.

Taking melatonin in a dosage of 0.3 to 0.5 mg is considered safe for most people and does not cause discomfort.

Some products containing melatonin may interact with certain medications. For example, caffeine and the antidepressant fluvoxamine can increase melatonin levels in the blood, increasing the risk of side effects when taken together.

Melatonin may reduce the level of nifedipine in the body. This poses certain risks because nifedipine is used to control blood pressure. If this drug does not work enough, it may be harmful to your health.

Evidence suggests that in adults without medical conditions who have difficulty sleeping or experience jet lag, melatonin at a dosage of 0.3 to 0.5 mg does not pose a threat.

However, it is recommended that you consult with your doctor before purchasing to ensure that using a melatonin supplement or medication is truly necessary.

Myth: Laser treatment of sore throat is effective

A laser is a device that creates an amplified optical beam consisting of light waves synchronized in time and space.

The therapeutic laser generates low intensity laser radiation (LILR) with a wavelength from 365 to 904 nm. This range includes ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation spectra.

They differ in the depth of tissue penetration, which allows the laser to be used for various therapeutic purposes.

Since the invention of the laser, its use in medicine has attracted the interest of researchers. Low-intensity laser radiation is considered as a means of reducing inflammation and stimulating metabolic processes in the body.

Therefore, its use has been studied in various fields of medicine, such as ophthalmology, dermatology, otolaryngology and others.

However, the use of laser treatment is not always effective. Despite some evidence of its usefulness in the treatment of certain musculoskeletal and skin conditions.

The laser treatment process involves sending light pulses to the desired area. This is usually painless, although the person may feel a warm or mild tingling sensation.

The duration of the procedure can vary from a few minutes to several hours depending on the area of treatment.

To treat angina, some medical institutions offer a course of treatment consisting of 10-12 sessions. The duration of the manipulation varies from one to five minutes for each point of influence.

Is it true that laser helps with sore throat?

The technique is widespread in Russia, but there are no significant clinical studies confirming the effectiveness of therapeutic laser for angina.

Laser therapy, like other physiotherapeutic methods, is not included in generally accepted international recommendations, including for the treatment of recurrent or chronic tonsillitis, which is characterized by periodic and frequent exacerbations of sore throat.

There has been limited research on the use of therapeutic laser for the treatment of sore throat in the Russian Federation. Participants reported positive results, including decreased pain and faster recovery time by 12 days.

However, these experiments were carried out on a limited number of patients, and the effectiveness of laser therapy has not been confirmed.

There are a number of strict contraindications to laser therapy

• Oncological diseases.
• Blood clotting disorders.
• Liver and kidney failure.
• First half of pregnancy.
• Severe diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
• Cerebrovascular accident.

As with any medical procedure, laser treatment may carry the risk of complications such as bleeding, infection, or hearing and smell impairment. However, if the procedure is performed correctly, the likelihood of their occurrence is minimal.

How is a therapeutic laser different from a surgical laser?

Therapeutic and surgical lasers have differences in power and wavelength. A surgical laser has greater power and wavelength. It is able to coagulate blood vessels, evaporate excess tissue and provide a clean cut without heating.

The surgical laser is believed to provide more precise cuts and also reduce blood loss and the risk of complications after surgery compared to conventional surgical instruments. This method is recommended in international guidelines for certain operations.

However, the choice of intervention method depends on the specific situation, and the decision to use a laser is made by the doctor, taking into account all the circumstances.

To date, the effectiveness of therapeutic laser for the treatment of sore throat has not been confirmed. This method is not included in generally accepted international recommendations, and its use for acute or chronic sore throat is not justified.

Myth: It is beneficial to rinse your nose with sea water

Natural sea salt is composed primarily of 90-95% sodium chloride (NaCl) and contains up to 2% other minerals, including potassium, magnesium, sodium, manganese and iodine salts. These minerals provide significant benefits to the nasal mucosa.

The use of sea water rinses is an effective method of treating rhinitis and sinusitis in adults and children from birth. This method can be used several times a day over an extended period of time, preferably choosing ready-made solutions based on sea water.

With rhinitis and sinusitis, the vessels of the nasal mucosa dilate, causing swelling. Before rinsing your nose, it is recommended:

• Apply vasoconstrictor drops (no more than 5 days in a row). This will help narrow the blood vessels and reduce swelling, which will make the rinsing process easier.
• Wait 5-10 minutes until breathing becomes easier. This time will allow the drops to begin to act and improve the patency of the nasal passages.
• Start rinsing. After waiting for the specified time, you can begin the procedure of rinsing your nose with sea water or special solutions.

If the nose is blocked, fluid can enter the middle ear, causing an ear infection. Therefore, it is recommended to use vasoconstrictor drugs before washing. Before starting the procedure, it is important to consult with an otolaryngologist.

Myth: If  you always wear a medical mask outside, you won’t get sick

People affected by influenza are able to transmit the virus over a distance of 2-3 meters. Most experts believe that the influenza virus spreads through droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, and even normal breathing.

However, you can get the flu by touching surfaces that have the virus on them and then touching your own mouth, nose, or eyes.

Wearing masks outdoors has limited value. In such settings there is usually no close contact with other people, which reduces the risk of infection.

However, in enclosed spaces or on public transport, the use of medical masks can help reduce the likelihood of infection. For more effective protection, you can use special respirators, which are also available in pharmacies.

The effectiveness of masks depends on the size of the pores in the material: the smaller they are, the higher the protection. The most inexpensive masks provide only basic protection. It is important to change the mask regularly – on average once every two hours or when wet/contaminated.

Myth: It’s better not to wash when the temperature is high

When it’s hot outside, it’s important to avoid hot baths or showers, especially if the water is too hot, as this can worsen discomfort and negatively affect the body.

Instead, it is preferable to choose warm water, which will help to gently lower your body temperature and create a feeling of comfort.

However, refusing hygiene procedures during illness is ineffective and even harmful. Taking a shower will help eliminate sweat, improve your mood and overall well-being.

If you experience weakness, dizziness or headache, it is recommended to wait until your condition improves or consult a doctor before taking a shower or bath.

It’s important to stay hydrated and rested in hot weather, so drink enough fluids and make sure you get the rest you need. Always follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations for how to care for yourself while you are sick.